1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:03,000 2 00:00:19,222 --> 00:00:20,497 PMU test 3 00:00:20,895 --> 00:00:29,607 The function of the PMUR device is to record phasor, frequency and rate of frequency changes 4 00:00:29,897 --> 00:00:39,200 The measurement error of each of these values is defined by TVE، FE and RFE respectively as follows: 5 00:00:39,387 --> 00:00:48,497 In the above, X and X ̂ represent the real value of the phase and the value estimated by the PMU 6 00:00:48,521 --> 00:00:56,708 the i and r indices represent the imaginary and real parts of the phase X respectively. 7 00:00:57,833 --> 00:01:07,911 The test device is required to record the theoretical value of the injected signal for all time tags along with its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). 8 00:01:08,466 --> 00:01:19,021 The PMU sends the measured data to the test machine using C37.118 protocol. 9 00:01:19,622 --> 00:01:31,724 The test device compares the theoretical and measured values of phase، frequency and ROCOF for specific time tags determined by the rate of data 10 00:01:31,748 --> 00:01:38,646 transmission and compute TVE , FE and RFE values 11 00:01:39,779 --> 00:01:51,443 A phase measurement unit (PMU) is a device used to estimate the amount and phase angle of an electric phase value 12 00:01:51,997 --> 00:01:57,833 in an electrical grid using a common time source for synchronization. 13 00:01:58,771 --> 00:02:09,419 Time synchronization is usually provided by GPS or IEEE 1588 Precision Time protocol 14 00:02:09,443 --> 00:02:16,279 which allows simultaneous measurement of multiple remote points on the network. 15 00:02:16,881 --> 00:02:30,341 which consists of an angle measurement and a large measurement 16 00:02:30,365 --> 00:02:45,139 These synchronous measurements are important because if the supply and demand of the network are not fully matched 17 00:02:45,163 --> 00:02:53,005 frequency imbalances can cause stress on the grid, which is a potential cause of power outages. 18 00:02:53,489 --> 00:03:03,950 PMUs can also be used to measure frequencies on the power grid. A typical commercial one can report measurements with very high temporal resolution 19 00:03:04,106 --> 00:03:07,880 up to 120 measurements per second. 20 00:03:08,021 --> 00:03:22,763 This helps engineers analyze the dynamic events in the network that are not feasible with traditional SCADA measurements that create a measurement every 2 or 4 seconds. 21 00:03:23,997 --> 00:03:38,591 Consequently, PMUs equip installations with advanced monitoring and control capabilities and are considered to be one of the most important measurement devices in the future of power systems. 22 00:03:39,622 --> 00:03:49,544 The PMU can be a dedicated device, or the PMU function can be incorporated into a protective relay or other device. 23 00:03:50,442 --> 00:03:54,911 To perform PMU test on the start screen of the software 24 00:03:54,935 --> 00:04:08,700 click on the Phasor measurement unit (PMU) room, and in the opened page, 4 tests are designed in 4 tabs called Steady State, Modulation, Frequency ramp, Step. 25 00:04:10,082 --> 00:04:26,724 In the Steady State tab, you can see different modes. For example، in Fault Type Vl1، Mode adds two points with harmonic characteristics of 2، 40% and 70% and 0.2 seconds 26 00:04:27,044 --> 00:04:33,380 adds two points with harmonic characteristics of 2، 40% and 70% and 0.2 seconds and after testing and comparing the nominal and measured values، the test will pass or fail. 27 00:04:33,724 --> 00:04:39,966 The Modulation tab consists of two tests of amplitude modulation and phase. 28 00:04:39,990 --> 00:04:52,482 According to the standard, either amplitude modulation or phase modulation is applied. The signal model in modulation is considered as follows: 29 00:04:53,685 --> 00:05:03,505 For this test, the first points of interest are added, for example, a point with the specifications of F0=500Hz 30 00:05:03,919 --> 00:05:19,060 amplitude 100%, Kx=0.1, Fa=100Hz, Ka=0.9 and SNR=40db, 31 00:05:19,396 --> 00:05:30,068 and after performing the test and getting feedback from PMU and comparing the nominal and measured values, the test will pass or fail. 32 00:05:30,209 --> 00:05:42,341 The other two tests will be passed or fail after adding the points and running the test and getting feedback from the PMU and comparing the measured and rated values.