1 00:00:19,901 --> 00:00:22,876 An Introduction to AMT SYNCHRONIZER 2 00:00:23,368 --> 00:00:28,039 To test synchronizer relays, “AMT-Synchronizer” room can be used. 3 00:00:28,064 --> 00:00:36,101 The synchronizer is a piece of equipment that is used to connect the generator to the grid that is being used and uses the voltage of both sides to 4 00:00:36,126 --> 00:00:42,765 examine the state of frequency and voltage and if the difference between the generator voltage range and frequency, 5 00:00:42,806 --> 00:00:47,234 and the grid is less than the specified limit, the connect command is issued. 6 00:00:47,259 --> 00:00:53,265 If the mentioned difference is more than the specified limit, the relay will not issue the command for the connection. 7 00:00:53,290 --> 00:00:58,632 In this case, the relay examines the generator frequency and voltage state compared to the grid. 8 00:00:58,657 --> 00:01:10,171 If any of these two parameters is lower or higher than the specified limit, the relay synchs the two systems by giving the command for an increase or decrease in the “AVR” and the governor. 9 00:01:10,196 --> 00:01:17,593 The synchronizer room has several pages and exclusive windows. The two main windows of this room are “Test View” and “Synchronizer Characteristic”. 10 00:01:17,618 --> 00:01:21,460 The “Shot Test” and “Synchronizer” tests are done in the “Test View” window. 11 00:01:21,485 --> 00:01:28,467 To perform a “Shot test” in this room, like the other rooms, the user only needs to specify a test point and perform the test. 12 00:01:28,492 --> 00:01:34,702 Also, the performance of the relay in synchronizing the two systems is tested in the “Synchronizer” tab. 13 00:01:34,727 --> 00:01:43,038 The synchronizer characteristic is displayed in the “Synchronizer Characteristic” in accordance with the information entered in the “Test Object” of this room. 14 00:01:43,063 --> 00:01:49,780 The tools available by right-clicking or left-clicking in this window and the cog at the bottom are common in all rooms. 15 00:01:49,805 --> 00:01:56,241 To enter the relay information for the test, the first thing is to enter the nominal information of the relay in “Device”. 16 00:01:56,266 --> 00:02:01,975 In this section, it is necessary to enter characteristics such as “PT” turns ratio and frequency. 17 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:06,858 In the next step, the relay characteristics are entered after double-clicking on “Synchronizer”. 18 00:02:06,883 --> 00:02:10,944 Since these relays use voltage, in “Protection Device” tab, 19 00:02:10,969 --> 00:02:21,194 it is necessary to select the sequence of phases and the phases that are connected to the relay in “Rotation sense” and “Connected Voltages” for systems 1 and 2. 20 00:02:21,219 --> 00:02:29,296 Note that system number one is an infinite bus and system number two is a generator that needs to be connected to the grid. 21 00:02:29,321 --> 00:02:34,483 An important point is that when the system phases are wired as ACB, 22 00:02:34,508 --> 00:02:44,999 it is necessary to select L1-L3-L2 radiobutton. Also, if “Connected Voltage” on any of the phase-to-ground states is selected, 23 00:02:45,024 --> 00:02:50,710 the voltages of systems one and two are displayed in “Test View” in form of phase-to-ground. 24 00:02:50,735 --> 00:02:55,983 The key performance time is entered in the “Setting” section of this part and in the “CB Closing time” 25 00:02:56,008 --> 00:03:04,663 field and the phase shift that can come from intermediate equipment or a coupling transformer is specified in the “Transformer Group Phase Shift”. 26 00:03:04,688 --> 00:03:15,366 The nominal voltage of the system number two is entered in “VNom L-L(Secondary)” field and if this value is different from that of system number one, it needs to be specified. 27 00:03:15,391 --> 00:03:25,311 By specifying this value, the voltage difference that is resulted from the test will be in relation to nominal voltage of system number two and not the voltage of system number one. 28 00:03:25,336 --> 00:03:37,725 This means that if the nominal voltage of system number one is 110 volts and the nominal voltage of system number two is 100 volts and the allowed difference of these systems is specified to be 2 volts, 29 00:03:37,834 --> 00:03:43,811 the minimum and maximum voltage of system number two must be 98 and 102 volts, respectively. 30 00:03:43,836 --> 00:03:51,819 When the PT secondary turns ratio of the grid and the generator are the same, “Use Ratio of System 1” is to be used. 31 00:03:51,844 --> 00:04:02,942 For example, if the PT turns ratio of the grid is 400KV/110V and the turns ratio of the generator is 15.75KV/100V, 32 00:04:02,967 --> 00:04:14,210 since the secondary turns ratio of the two systems is not the same, the user needs to enter the PT secondary voltage of the generator or system number two in the “VNom L-L(Secondary)” field. 33 00:04:14,235 --> 00:04:23,131 The characteristic related to the relay is entered in “Synchronizing Window”. The characteristic entered in this section needs to be in accordance with the relay settings. 34 00:04:23,156 --> 00:04:39,389 The upper and lower limits of voltage difference and the upper and lower limits of frequency difference are entered in deltaV>, deltaV<, “deltaF>” and “deltaF<” fields, respectively. 35 00:04:39,414 --> 00:04:48,858 The relays mostly tend to issue a connect command in the “Dead Zone” range that is located between “deltaFmin” and “deltaFmax” parameters. 36 00:04:48,883 --> 00:04:55,788 The allowed angle difference of the system number 2 is entered in “deltaPhi” field and ???? is entered in delta Phi. 37 00:04:55,813 --> 00:05:10,707 For example, if the nominal angle of system number 2 is 30 degrees and the allowed difference is 20 degrees, by going to Vector View window, the user can see that the allowed connection range is determined to be between 10 to 50 degrees. 38 00:05:10,732 --> 00:05:18,442 Also, the allowed tolerances for different parameters and the minimum allowed connection time are entered in the fields on the right side. 39 00:05:18,467 --> 00:05:28,544 About the voltage that is being used for the test, it should be noted that the relays measure the applied voltage and if the nominal voltage is as much as 110 (or 100), 40 00:05:28,569 --> 00:05:39,011 the user only needs to apply “VL1-E” and “VL2-E” for systems number 1 and 2 with the same value to the relay and this can be viewed in the “Hardware Configuration”. 41 00:05:39,036 --> 00:05:46,988 For example, if in the “Connected Voltage, Protection Device” tab the two systems are set at “L1-L2” mode, 42 00:05:47,013 --> 00:05:54,347 by going to the “Hardware Configuration” window and in the “Analog Output” section, it can be seen that considering the selected mode, 43 00:05:54,372 --> 00:06:10,767 two sources are specified for the voltage that is being used for the test and that in fact, VL1_E plays the same role as “VL1-L2” of system number one and “VL2-E” plays the same role as “VL1-L2” of system number two. 44 00:06:10,792 --> 00:06:23,769 To better understand this, suppose that a 110 volts line-to-line voltage is used for system number 1 and for system number two, a 63.5 volts “VL1-E” phase voltage is used. 45 00:06:23,794 --> 00:06:33,784 To enter the information of a such system, it is necessary to enter “L1-L2” and “L1-E” as the Connected Voltage for systems number one and two, respectively. 46 00:06:33,793 --> 00:06:43,479 Also, or 110 volts is entered as the “Vnom L-L” for system number two. 47 00:06:43,504 --> 00:06:55,409 Now, by opening the “Test View” and “Vector View” pages, it can be seen that 63.5 and 110 volts are entered as the nominal voltage for systems number two and one, respectively. 48 00:06:55,434 --> 00:07:10,875 The next point is that only for system number one it is possible to select a three-phase voltage because only the A Voltage group of the device is three-phase and as for system number two it is only possible to select a single-phase or line-to-line voltage.