1 00:00:18,906 --> 00:00:21,484 Introducing Over Current room 2 00:00:21,641 --> 00:00:26,875 This room is used for testing overcurrent functions. It includes three main windows 3 00:00:27,109 --> 00:00:31,562 : “Test View”, “Over Current Characteristic”, and “Medium Detail View” 4 00:00:31,875 --> 00:00:37,109 These are used to enter test points and display them on the characteristic curve. 5 00:00:38,281 --> 00:00:45,703 The first step in relay testing is to input the relay information and settings into the software. 6 00:00:45,938 --> 00:00:52,656 . To do this, select “Test Object” from the top toolbar. Then, under the “Device” section 7 00:00:52,813 --> 00:00:59,765 in the tree diagram, enter the “I primary” and “I secondary” values, which represent the “CT” ratio 8 00:01:00,859 --> 00:01:10,859 Please note that any mismatch between these settings and the relay’s actual configuration will lead to incorrect test results 9 00:01:13,281 --> 00:01:19,843 Next, go to the “Over Current” block in the tree diagram to enter the relay settings 10 00:01:20,078 --> 00:01:25,781 Double-clicking this block opens the “Overcurrent Protection Parameters” window, 11 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:33,671 which includes two tabs: “Relay Parameters” and “Elements”. In the “Relay Parameters” tab, 12 00:01:33,906 --> 00:01:41,484 under the “Relay Behavior” section, start by specifying whether the relay is “Directional” or “Non-Directional”. 13 00:01:41,797 --> 00:01:52,500 Then, in the “Tolerance” section, enter the tolerance values for “Current”, “Time”, and—if you're working with a directional test—”Angle” as well. 14 00:01:54,297 --> 00:02:01,093 In the “Elements” section, you need to define the relay’s characteristic curve and its specifications. 15 00:02:01,250 --> 00:02:08,281 To do this, first select the desired type of overcurrent protection under “Selected Elements” Type. 16 00:02:08,756 --> 00:02:16,802 Then, enter the characteristic curve data into the table on this page and generate the relay’s “Curve”. 17 00:02:18,599 --> 00:02:28,755 By clicking “Add”, you can insert a new row into the table and create an additional “Curve” if the protection has multiple “Stages”. 18 00:02:29,849 --> 00:02:41,177 The “Copy to” and “Remove” options are used to apply a defined curve to other protection elements or to delete a selected row, respectively 19 00:02:41,959 --> 00:02:51,490 . The “Move Up” and “Move Down” options allow you to reorder the stages by moving a “Stage” up or down in the list. 20 00:02:53,209 --> 00:03:00,865 In the “Define Element Characteristic” tab, under the “Characteristic” section, you define the type of characteristic curve 21 00:03:01,646 --> 00:03:07,974 If you want to set current or time limits for the curve, enable the “Active Range Limits” 22 00:03:08,209 --> 00:03:12,193 checkbox and enter the relevant data in this section 23 00:03:12,349 --> 00:03:19,224 In the “Reset Characteristic” section, if a specific curve has been defined for the relay’s 24 00:03:19,303 --> 00:03:24,302 drop-off behavior, its settings can be entered here 25 00:03:25,162 --> 00:03:31,411 On the right-hand side, you can view the “Curve” of each “Stage” individually on the graph. 26 00:03:32,193 --> 00:03:40,786 In the “View Resulting Characteristic” section, the final combined curve based on the defined “Stages” is displayed. 27 00:03:41,568 --> 00:03:46,177 If the relay type has been set to “Directional” in the “Relay Behavior” page, 28 00:03:46,490 --> 00:03:51,021 an additional tab named “Define Element Directional Behavior” appears. 29 00:03:51,802 --> 00:03:57,036 . This is where you configure the zone or area the relay is protecting 30 00:03:57,662 --> 00:04:05,006 A polar diagram is also added, visually showing the angle the relay is monitoring for protection. 31 00:04:06,959 --> 00:04:12,740 In the “Overcurrent” section of the “Test Object”, there is a subsection called “Compatibility”. 32 00:04:12,896 --> 00:04:18,443 By selecting different “Element Versions”, the “Pickup” current factors for each “Element” will change. 33 00:04:19,146 --> 00:04:25,552 When you choose “Advanced Element”, the factors for the defined characteristics are applied as shown in the diagram. 34 00:04:25,787 --> 00:04:35,083 This means the “Pickup” current defined for a given characteristic is multiplied by the displayed factor and applied to the corresponding Fault Type. 35 00:04:35,318 --> 00:04:43,755 For example, if you’ve defined an element in the “Negative Sequence” and want to test it under an L1-L2 fault condition 36 00:04:44,146 --> 00:04:49,927 , the characteristic will be tested by multiplying the “Pickup” current by √3. 37 00:04:50,474 --> 00:04:56,411 These factors are derived from the positive, negative, and zero sequence matrices 38 00:04:56,724 --> 00:05:02,427 One example of how these factors are calculated is provided, and the rest follow the same method. 39 00:05:02,662 --> 00:05:09,302 However, in “Simple Fault Loops”, which are used by older relays, these factors are different. 40 00:05:09,849 --> 00:05:16,958 To put it simply, in the “Advanced Element” mode, all defined “Elements” are considered when the relay operates 41 00:05:17,115 --> 00:05:25,005 . For example, if you’ve defined one element under Phase and another under “Negative Sequence”, and you're testing an L1-L2 fault, 42 00:05:25,162 --> 00:05:31,255 , the relay will operate based on the shortest operating time between the two elements 43 00:05:31,568 --> 00:05:34,849 In contrast, under the “Simple Fault Loops” method, 44 00:05:35,162 --> 00:05:41,646 only the “Phase Element” is involved in the relay's response for an L1-L2 fault. 45 00:05:41,803 --> 00:05:46,411 To make it easier to analyze the impact of the factors on the characteristics 46 00:05:46,568 --> 00:05:52,349 , a section called “More Details” is provided in the Test View page. By double-clicking on it, 47 00:05:52,506 --> 00:05:58,286 a window opens showing the characteristic information along with their corresponding factors. 48 00:05:58,599 --> 00:06:02,349 The main difference between “Advanced Element” and “Zero-Sensitive Elements” 49 00:06:02,506 --> 00:06:08,990 lies in the 3I0 characteristic factor, and depending on the relay’s algorithm 50 00:06:09,375 --> 00:06:12,265 one of these two options should be selected. 51 00:06:12,500 --> 00:06:19,609 In the “Other” section, there is an option called “Sensitive” as a separate fault, which is used for relays 52 00:06:19,922 --> 00:06:27,109 relays that require a dedicated current input labeled “Sensitive”. By enabling this option, a new “Sensitive” type 53 00:06:27,656 --> 00:06:32,656 is added to the list of “Elements” in the “Elements” section. 54 00:06:33,047 --> 00:06:40,000 You can then define a dedicated curve for it, and a new “Fault Type” labeled “Sensitive” will also appear in the “Test View”. 55 00:06:40,313 --> 00:06:44,843 After entering the relay specifications and confirming the changes, 56 00:06:45,078 --> 00:06:51,562 you can select test points on the characteristic curve and run the test in both the “Test View” 57 00:06:52,188 --> 00:06:59,532 and the “Characteristic View”: “Overcurrent”. Additionally, if the relay is defined as “Directional”, 58 00:06:59,844 --> 00:07:05,625 ”, its polar diagram will be visible in the “Medium Detail View” window. 59 00:07:06,094 --> 00:07:15,390 . In upcoming videos, each of these sections will be explained in greater detail and with more precision.